Journal of Contemporary Agriculture and Bioscience
The Effect of Rice Husk Compost Tea on the Nutrient Uptake, Plant Growth, and Yield of Kailan (Brassica oleraceae var. Alboglabra) in Lebak Swamp Soil
Received: 12 August 2024 || Accepted: 02 September 2024 || Published: 09 September 2024
A b s t r a c t
Kailan, (Brassica oleraceae var. Alboglabra) a widely consumed vegetable known for its health benefits, relies on several essential nutrients, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), for its growth. When growing kailan on nutrient-poor soil, such as lebak swamp soil, it is necessary to provide different inputs to supplement the lack of nutrients. The use of husks to make compost tea can increase soil fertility and reduce waste. Hence, this study aimed to examine the impact of varying doses of rice husk compost tea and NPK fertilizer on the enhancement of nutrient availability, growth, and yield of kailan plants in lebak swamp soil. Two-factor factorial randomized block design (FRBD) was used to organize in this study its dose of compost tea and NPK fertilizer. The results showed that rice husk compost tea and NPK fertilizer significantly interacted with several plant variables. Fertilizer application had a significant effect on soil C-organic and NPK content. The 60 mL plant-1 dose of husk compost tea combined with a 100% dose of NPK fertilizer effectively maximized the availability of nutrients and increased the growth, production, and uptake of N, P, and K by kailan plants. However, the treatment did not reduce the use of NPK fertilizer in the Lebak swamp land. Based on the results, soil NPK content had a positively strong correlation with plant uptake.
Keywords : Compost tea, lebak swamp soil, NPK fertilizer and rice husk.
Copyright information: Copyright © 2022-24 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
How to cite: Gofar, N., Sari, S.A., Susilawati., Warsito., Basihin, M. and Priatn, S.J. 2024. The Effect of Rice Husk Compost Tea on the Nutrient Uptake, Plant Growth, and Yield of Kailan (Brassica oleraceae var. Alboglabra) in Lebak Swamp Soil. Journal of Contemporary Agriculture and Bioscience, 3(1), 7-15.
References
- Adekiya, A. O., Ejue, W. S., Olayanju, A., Dunsin, O., Aboyeji, C. M., Aremu, C., Adegbite, K., & Akinpelu, O. 2020. Different Organic Manure Sources and NPK Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73291-x
- Ali, A. I. M., Sandi, S., Muhakka, Riswandi, & Budianta, D. 2014. The Grazing of Pampangan Buffaloes at Non Tidal Swamp in South Sumatra of Indonesia. APCBEE Procedia, 8, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.03.006
- Anas, M., Liao, F., Verma, K. K., Sarwar, M. A., Mahmood, A., Chen, Z. L., Li, Q., Zeng, X. P., Liu, Y., & Li, Y. R. 2020. Fate of Nitrogen in Agriculture and Environment: Agronomic, Eco-Physiological and Molecular Approaches to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Biological Research, 53(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-020-00312-4
- Asadi, H., Ghorbani, M., Rezaei-Rashti, M., Abrishamkesh, S., Amirahmadi, E., Chengrong, C., & Gorji, M. 2021. Application of Rice Husk Biochar for Achieving Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. Rice Science, 28(4), 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.05.004
- Azat, S., Korobeinyk, A. V., Moustakas, K., & Inglezakis, V. J. 2019. Sustainable Production of Pure Silica from Rice Husk Waste in Kazakhstan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217, 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.142
- Bisht, N., Gope, P. C., & Rani, N. 2020. Rice husk as a Fibre in Composites: A review. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2020-0015
- Budiono, R., Adinurani, P. G., & Soni, P. 2019. Effect of New NPK fertilizer on Lowland Rice ( Oryza sativa L .) Growth. The 2nd International Conference on Natural Resources and Life Sciences (NRLS), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/293/1/012034
- Chen, F., Zhu, Z., Tong, L., Guo, X., Xu, S., Chen, J., Wu, J., & Zhu, Z. 2020. Production of Allohexaploid Brassica Hybrid between Tuber Mustard (Brassica juncea L. var. crassicaulis Chen &Yang) and Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). Scientia Horticulturae, 270(109412), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109412
- Curadelli, F., Alberto, M., Uliarte, E. M., Combina, M., & Funes-Pinter, I. 2023. Meta-Analysis of Yields of Crops Fertilized with Compost Tea and Anaerobic Digestate. Sustainability, 15(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021357
- De Souza, A. P., Burgess, S. J., Doran, L., Manukyan, L., Hansen, J., Maryn, N., Leonelli, L., Niyogi, K. K., & Long, S. P. 2023. Response to Comments on “Soybean Photosynthesis and Crop Yield is Improved by Accelerating Recovery from Photoprotection.” Science, 379(6634), 851–854. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf2189
- Demir, Z., & Gülser, C. 2021. Effects of Rice Husk Compost on Some Soil Properties, Water Use Efficiency and Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L .) Yield under Greenhouse and Field Conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52(9), 1051–1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2021.1892731
- El-Shaieny, A. H. A. H., Farrag, H. M., Bakr, A. A. A., & Abdelrasheed, K. G. 2022. Combined Use of Compost, Compost Tea, and Vermicompost Tea Improves Soil Properties, and Growth, Yield, and Quality of Allium cepa L.. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50112565
- Fadila, A. N., Rugayah, R., Widagdo, S., & Hendarto, K. 2021. Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) pada Pertanaman Kedua. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 9(3), 473. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v9i3.5304
- Fahmid, I. M., Wahyudi, Agustian, A., Aldillah, R., & Gunawan, E. 2022. The Potential Swamp Land Development to Support Food Estates Programmes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 13(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/09754253221078178
- Fall, A. F., Nakabonge, G., Ssekandi, J., Founoune-mboup, H., Badji, A., Ndiaye, A., Ndiaye, M., Kyakuwa, P., Anyoni, O. G., Kabaseke, C., Ronoh, A. K., & Ekwangu, J. 2023. Combined Effects of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ( AMF ) and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of Maize and Soil Nutrient Availability. Sustainability, 15(2243), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032243
- Fauzan, M. I., Arafat, S., Muharam, R. I., & Abdullah, R. 2024. Study of Green Manure (Tithonia diversifola and Chromolaena odorata) and NPK Fertilizer Combination on Soil Chemical Properties and Yield of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa) in Ultisols. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 31(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.2112
- Funr, M. I., Pisi, G., Martínez, L. E., & Fernández, M. 2020. Plant Bioestimulants : Compost Tea and Bioslurry Characterizationes-pinte. Research Square, 1(1), 1–16.
- Gabriel, A. A., & Shafri, M. H. 2022. The Effect of Nutrition and Planting Media on the Productivity and Quality of Baby Kai-Lan (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) Cultivated Using Nutrient Film Technique System. AGRIVITA : Journal of Agricultural Science, 44(3), 490–499. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i3.2810
- Gondal, A. H., Hussain, I., Bakar Ijaz, A., Zafar, A., Ch, B. I., Zafar, H., Danish Sohail, M., Niazi, H., Touseef, M., Khan, A. A., Tariq, M., Yousuf, H., & Usama, M. 2021. Influence of Soil pH and Microbes on Mineral Solubility and Plant Nutrition: A Review. International Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 71–81.
- González-Hernández, A. I., Pérez-Sánchez, R., Plaza, J., & Morales-Corts, M. R. 2022. Compost Tea as a Sustainable Alternative to Promote Plant Growth and Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potato Plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 300(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111090
- González-Hernández, A. I., Suárez-Fernández, M. B., Pérez-Sánchez, R., Gómez-Sánchez, M. Á., & Morales-Corts, M. R. 2021. Compost Tea Induces Growth and Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani And Phytophthora capsici in Pepper. Agronomy, 11(4), 0–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040781
- Gusta, A., & Same, M. 2022. The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and NPK on the Growth of the Master Pepper Plants. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012028
- He, F., Thiele, B., Kraus, D., Bouteyine, S., Watt, M., Kraska, T., Schurr, U., & Kuhn, A. J. 2021. Effects of Short-Term Root Cooling before Harvest on Yield and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra Bailey). Agronomy, 11(557), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030577
- He, F., Thiele, B., Santhiraraja-abresch, S., Watt, M., Kraska, T., Ulbrich, A., & Kuhn, A. J. 2020. Effects of Root Temperature on the Plant Growth and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). Agronomy, 10(702), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050702
- Hossain, M. Z., Bahar, M. M., Sarkar, B., Donne, S. W., Ok, Y. S., Palansooriya, K. N., Kirkham, M. B., Chowdhury, S., & Bolan, N. 2020. Biochar and Its Importance on Nutrient Dynamics in Soil and Plant. Biochar, 2(4), 379–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00065-z
- Huang, W., Lin, M., Liao, J., Li, A., Tsewang, W., Chen, X., Sun, B., Liu, S., & Zheng, P. 2022. Effects of Potassium Deficiency on the Growth of Tea (Camelia sinensis) and Strategies for Optimizing Potassium Levels in Soil: A Critical Review. Horticulturae, 8(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070660
- Hutomo, A. P., Ritawati, S., Roidelindhoc, K., & Utamad, P. 2024. The Effect of Coffee Grounds Compost and Planting Media on The Growth and Yield of Kailan Plants ( Brassica oleracea L .). Gema Wiralodra, 15(1), 167–180.
- Id, A. K., Ghramh, H. A., Al-qthanin, R. N., & L’taief, B. 2022. The Impact of NPK fertilizer on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation in Juniper ( Juniperus procera ) Trees Grown on Fire-Damaged and Intact Soils. Plos One, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262685
- Ilahi, H., Hidayat, K., Adnan, M., Rehman, F. ur, Tahir, R., Saeed, M. S., Shah, S. W. A., & Toor, M. D. 2021. Accentuating the Impact of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Agriculture Crop Production: A Review. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences, 9(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8546
- Imtiaz, H., Mir, A. R., Corpas, F. J., & Hayat, S. 2023. Impact of Potassium Starvation on The Uptake, Transportation, Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Plant Growth Regulation, 99(3), 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00925-7
- Iqbal, S., Riaz, U., Murtaza, G., Jamil, M., Ahmed, M., Hussain, A., & Abbas, Z. 2020. Microbiota and Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Continuum for Plant and Soil Health. Microbiota and Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Continuum for Plant and Soil Health, December, 1–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48771-3
- Islam, R., Sultana, S., Islam, M. R., & Mondal, C. 2019. Effect of Aerated and Non-Aerated Compost Tea Against Some Fungal Phytopathogens. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 17(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i2.41936
- Jethva, J., Schmidt, R. R., Sauter, M., & Selinski, J. 2022. Try or Die: Dynamics of Plant Respiration and How to Survive Low Oxygen Conditions. Plants, 11(205), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020205
- Kang, S., Kim, G., Roh, J., & Jeon, E. 2022. Ammonia Emissions from NPK Fertilizer Production Plants : Emission Characteristics and Emission Factor Estimation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6703), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116703
- Khan, F., Siddique, A. B., Shabala, S., Zhou, M., & Zhao, C. 2023. Phosphorus Plays Key Roles in Regulating Plants’ Physiological Responses to Abiotic Stresses. Plants, 12(15), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152861
- Khan, Z., Yang, X. J., Fu, Y., Joseph, S., Khan, M. N., Khan, M. A., Alam, I., & Shen, H. 2023. Engineered Biochar Improves Nitrogen Use Efficiency Via Stabilizing Soil Water-Stable Macroaggregates and Enhancing Nitrogen Transformation. Biochar, 5(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-023-00252-8
- Kurnianta, L. D., Sedijani, P., & Raksun, A. 2021. The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) Made from Rabbit Urine and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Bok Choy (Brassica rapa L. Subsp. chinensis). Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 21(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2426
- Luo, T., Ma, L., Wei, C., & Li, J. 2022. Effects of Compost Tea on The Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrients and Growth of Cotton Under Different Fertilization Strategies. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 45(10), 1523–1535. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.2020827
- Lynch, J. P., Strock, C. F., Schneider, H. M., Sidhu, J. S., Ajmera, I., Galindo-Castañeda, T., Klein, S. P., & Hanlon, M. T. 2021. Root Anatomy and Soil Resource Capture. Plant and Soil, 466(1–2), 21–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05010-y
- Marlina, N., Gofar, N., Subakti, A. H. P. K., & Rahim, A. M. 2014. Improvement of Rice Growth and Productivity Through Balance Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer in Inceptisol Soil of Lowland Swamp Area. Agrivita, 36(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita-2014-36-1-p048-056
- Mohamadou, M., Kengni, S. B., Toukam, S. T., Ngakou, A., & Fohouo, F.-N. T. 2023. The Cumulative Use Compost Teas and Rhizobia Against Megalurothrips jostetti for Yield Improvement in Field Grown Cowpea at Ngaoundere ( Cameroon ). International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 08(02), 085–101. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.2.0182
- Mulyawan, R., Rahma Apriani, R., Nurlaila, Nufita Sari, N., Ellya, H. 2023. Status Kimia Tanah pada Sistem Budidaya Ubi Alabio (Dioscorea alata) di Lahan Rawa Lebak Dangkal dan Tengahan. Jurnal Ecosolum, 11(2), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.20956/ecosolum.v11i2.23190
- Muthuraj, R., Lacoste, C., Lacroix, P., & Bergeret, A. 2019. Sustainable Thermal Insulation Biocomposites from Rice Husk, Wheat Husk, Wood Fibers and Textile Waste Fibers: Elaboration and Performances Evaluation. Industrial Crops and Products, 135(April), 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.053
- Nur, T. P., Gofar, N., Jaya, S., & Marsi, P. 2023. Assessing the Quality of Compost Tea Made from Swamp-Growing Lotus Plants. Journal of Smart Agriculture and Environmental Technology, 1(3), 1–6.
- Omar, L., Ahmed, O. H., & Jalloh, M. B. 2021. Rice Husk Compost Production and Use in Mitigating Ammonia Volatilization from Urea. Sustainability, 13(1831), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041832
- Ortiz, A., & Sansinenea, E. 2022. The Role of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Quality and Plant Health. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095358
- Pant, A. P., Radovich, T. J. K., Hue, N. V, & Paull, R. E. 2022. Biochemical Properties of Compost Tea Associated with Compost Quality and Effects on Pak Choi Growth. Scientia Horticulturae, 148, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.09.019
- Patra, A., Sharma, V. K., Nath, D. J., Ghosh, A., Purakayastha, T. J., Barman, M., Kumar, S., Chobhe, K. A., Anil, A. S., & Rekwar, R. K. 2021. Impact of Soil Acidity Influenced by Long-term Integrated Use of Enriched Compost, Biofertilizers, and Fertilizer on Soil Microbial Activity and Biomass in Rice Under Acidic Soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21(1), 756–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00398-5
- Pilla, N., Tranchida-Lombardo, V., Gabrielli, P., Aguzzi, A., Caputo, M., Lucarini, M., Durazzo, A., & Zaccardelli, M. 2023. Effect of Compost Tea in Horticulture. Horticulturae, 9(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9090984
- Plapito, A. S., Aisyah, A., & Asnur, P. 2021. Uji Efektifitas Bakteri Azotobacter dan Bahan Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produksi serta Serapan Tanaman dan Ketersediaan Tanah pada Tanaman Kailan (Brassica Oleraceae). Gontor Agrotech Science Journal, 7(1), 57.
- Putra, S. S., Putra, E. T. S., & Widada, J. 2020. The Effects of Types of Manure and Mycorrhizal Applications on Sandy Soils on the Growth and Yield of Curly Red Chili (Capsicum annum L.). Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 35(2), 258. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.34971
- Qiao, C., Mia, S., Wang, Y., Hou, J., & Xu, B. 2021. Assessing the Effects of Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP on Acidification and Inorganic N Leaching Loss From Tea (Camellia sinensis l.) Cultivated Soils with Increasing Urea–N Rates. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020994
- Raharjo, K. T. P., Boy, O., & Robertus, P. 2023. Pengaruh Ketinggian Genangan dan Jenis Pupuk Teh Kompos Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Pakcoy ( Brasicca rapa L .) secara Hidroponik. Savana Cendana, 8(2477), 102–108.
- Rawat, J., Pandey, N., & Saxena, J. 2022. Role of Potassium in Plant Photosynthesis, Transport, Growth and Yield. Role of Potassium in Abiotic Stress, January, 1–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4461-0
- Rea, R. S., Islam, M. R., Rahman, M. M., Nath, B., & Mix, K. 2022. Growth, Nutrient Accumulation, and Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants with Silicon Application: A Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084525
- Santosa, S. J., & Priyono. 2023. The Scientific Study of Urea Fertilizer and Cow Manure Composition on the Growth and Yield of Kailan Plants. Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research, 2, 20–31. https://doi.org/10.56943/jmr.v2i1.233
- Sardans, J., & Peñuelas, J. 2021. Potassium Control of Plant Functions : Ecological and Agricultural Implications. Plants, 10(419), 1–31. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/plants10020419
- Simkin, A. J., Kapoor, L., Doss, C. G. P., Hofmann, T. A., Lawson, T., & Ramamoorthy, S. 2022. The Role of Photosynthesis Related Pigments in Light Harvesting, Photoprotection and Enhancement of Photosynthetic Yield in Planta. Photosynthesis Research, 152(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6
- Singh, D. P., Rajiv, Tomar, S., & Kumari, M. 2021. Integrated Nutrient Management in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(11), 1627–1630. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i11.118546
- Singh Karam, D., Nagabovanalli, P., Sundara Rajoo, K., Fauziah Ishak, C., Abdu, A., Rosli, Z., Melissa Muharam, F., & Zulperi, D. 2022. An overview on The Preparation of Rice Husk Biochar, Factors Affecting Its Properties, and Its Agriculture Application. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.07.005
- Sustr, M., Soukup, A., & Tylova, E. 2019. Potassium in Root Growth and Development. Plants, 8(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100435
- Toor, M. D., Adnan, M., Rehman, F. ur, Tahir, R., Saeed, M. S., Khan, A. U., & Pareek, V. 2021. Nutrients and Their Importance in Agriculture Crop Production: A Review. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences, 9(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8527
- Walling, I., Kanaujia, S. P., & Changkiri, M. 2022. Response of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) to Integrated Nutrient Management. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 24(1), 106–109. https://doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10133
- Walton, C. R., Ewens, S., Coates, J. D., Blake, R. E., Planavsky, N. J., Reinhard, C., Ju, P., Hao, J., & Pasek, M. A. 2023. Phosphorus Availability on The Early Earth and the Impacts of Life. Nature Geoscience, 16(5), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01167-6
- Whetton, R. L., Harty, M. A., & Holden, N. M. 2022. Communicating Nitrogen Loss Mechanisms for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency Management, Focused on Global Wheat. Nitrogen (Switzerland), 3(2), 213–246. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3020016
- Wildayana, E., & Armanto, M. E. 2018. Lebak Swamp Typology and Rice Production Potency in Jakabaring South Sumatra. Agriekonomika, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v7i1.2513
- Wildayana, E., Busri, A. S., & Armanto, M. E. 2016. Value Changes of Lebak Swamp Land over Time in Jakabaring South Sumatra. Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v4i1.25
- Zahiri, M. 2023. Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Anorganik NPK dan POC Urin Kelinci Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Varietas Nauli F1. Jurnal Agroplasma, 10(2), 703–7011.
Article View: 141 times